Q1 2023 BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings Inc Earnings Call

Participants

Catherine Park; VP of IR; BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings, Inc.

Laura L. Felice; Executive VP & CFO; BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings, Inc.

Robert W. Eddy; President, CEO & Director; BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings, Inc.

William C. Werner; EVP of Strategy & Development; BJ's Wholesale Club Holdings, Inc.

Charles P. Grom; MD & Senior Analyst of Retail; Gordon Haskett Research Advisors

Edward Joseph Kelly; Senior Analyst; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division

Katharine Amanda McShane; Equity Analyst; Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Research Division

Mark David Carden; Associate Director and Associate Analyst; UBS Investment Bank, Research Division

Michael Allen Baker; MD & Senior Research Analyst; D.A. Davidson & Co., Research Division

Peter Sloan Benedict; Senior Research Analyst; Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division

Robert Frederick Ohmes; MD & Senior US Consumer Analyst; BofA Securities, Research Division

Simeon Ari Gutman; Executive Director; Morgan Stanley, Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Hello, everyone, and welcome to the BJ's Wholesale Club Q1 2023 Earnings Conference Call. My name is Carla, and I will be coordinating your call today. (Operator Instructions) I'll now pass the call over to your host, Cathy Park. Please go ahead.

Catherine Park

Good morning, and thank you for joining BJ's Wholesale Club's First Quarter Fiscal 2023 Earnings Conference Call. On the call today are Bob Eddy, President and Chief Executive Officer; Laura Felice, Chief Financial Officer; and Bill Werner, Executive Vice President, Strategy and Development.
Please remember that during this call, we may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements are based on our current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations described on this call.
Please see the Risk Factors section of our most recent Form 10-K and Form 10-Q filed with the SEC for a description of those risks and uncertainties. Finally, please note that on today's call, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures that we believe will provide useful information for investors. The presentation of this information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP.
Please refer to today's press release and the latest investor presentation posted on our IR site for a reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable measures prepared in accordance with GAAP.
With that, I'll turn the call over to Bob.

Robert W. Eddy

Morning. Thank you for joining us today. It's a pleasure to be here today to discuss the results that we reported this morning. In the first quarter, our business continued to perform at a high level, demonstrating the power of our member-centric model, and the warehouse club channel. At our Investor Day in March, we shared with you several significant milestones resulting from the company's incredible transformation, including a record 90% membership renewal rate surpassing $1 billion in adjusted EBITDA and nearly tripling our adjusted EPS since fiscal 2018.
We achieved these results by steadfastly focusing on value, driving market share gains. We have created a growing and profitable digital business, and we have accelerated our footprint expansion. We built on these milestones in the first quarter with the launch of our co-brand credit card program.
This program, underpinned by our strong value prop is designed to drive higher member lifetime values, traffic and market share gains. These initiatives, combined with the strong operational performance, enabled us to report a record first quarter in adjusted EBITDA. Merchandise comparable club sales which exclude gas sales were up 5.7% in the first quarter as our food and sundries businesses remained robust with comp sales up 8%.
Our consistent focus on value once again resulted in strong growth in sales per member across each of our income cohorts. Further, more than half of our merchandise comps were driven by growth in traffic. With value being top of mind for our members, our teams have worked diligently to solidify BJ's as the first choice for their weekly household needs. And we are pleased to have grown market share across our core business in the first quarter, both on a year-over-year and a pre-COVID basis. As a reminder, our market share is about 50 basis points higher than it was pre-COVID.
We recognize that in today's environment, consumers remain selective in their shopping behavior and members are more conscious as they continue to work to stretch their dollars. Additionally, unfavorable weather trends dampened seasonal demand in the first quarter. As a result, our general merchandise and services comp was down 8% year-over-year.
Our merchandise gross margins improved dramatically in the quarter as supply chain headwinds that we faced last year became tailwinds this year, driven by declining diesel and ocean freight costs. Also recall that inflation was on the upswing in the first quarter of last year, causing us to invest in key items, which further pressured our margins.
We also gained share in our gasoline business in the first quarter with comp gallons up year-over-year compared to the broader market, which is still trending down in volumes. Though profit per gallon was not nearly at last year's levels, it was slightly higher than expected in the first quarter.
The combination of our comp sales growth, merchandise margin improvement and better-than-expected gas profits contributed to adjusted EBITDA growth of approximately 16% to a first quarter record of $257 million. We are very pleased with the strength of our operating performance this quarter.
As we navigate choppiness in the near term, we remain confident in our longer-term growth prospects, fueled by our strategic priorities, which are improving member loyalty, driving an unbeatable shopping experience, delivering value conveniently through digital and growing our footprint.
Let me spend a moment on each. Membership is by far the most important product that we sell, and it's also our most valuable asset. We currently serve over 6.8 million members. And in the first quarter, we grew our member count by approximately 5% and year-over-year. Our acquisition efforts across new and existing clubs as well as growth in digital acquisitions have contributed to the increase. In addition to overall member growth, we are improving the quality of our membership.
As many of you know, we launched our new co-brand credit card on February 27. I believe it's the best program in retail today. Remember, when we launched our credit card program 9 years ago, we committed to reinvesting all of the benefits back into member rewards. We took the same approach this time around applying even better economics back into the program. We took that approach because our credit card members have almost 2x greater lifetime value than members without a co-brand credit card.
I think it's safe to say that they're worth the investment. We could not have asked for a better partner in Capital One. Our combined teams executed the transition very well, surpassing our admittedly high expectations. We're only about 90 days since launch, so it's still early days. But as we sit here today, we have successfully executed the conversion of our existing accounts and have now transitioned to growing the program.
Let me put a finer point on the success of the transition with some data.
We transitioned about 1.5 million accounts to Capital One. And to date, we have activated over 3/4 of those accounts outperforming our expectations. Furthermore, we have added over 115,000 new credit card members since launch, and we are excited to see our members experiencing more rewards from the program. Also, as you know, in addition to the co-brand value proposition improvements, we also took the opportunity to provide additional benefits for Club Plus members, too. That's our $110 membership fee without the credit card.
The gas discount that we implemented as part of the credit card program back in 2014 has been so well received with our members that we now extended a $0.05 per gallon discount to our Club Plus members as well, making us the only club store with an instant gas discount across all higher tier membership programs. This means about 40% of our gas gallons sold include a higher tier member discount on top of our market-leading gas prices.
We believe the new program will help drive continued growth in our higher tier membership penetration, which, in turn, will yield greater member lifetime value. Over the course of the last year, we foreshadowed that we may experience a temporary decline in higher tier membership penetration driven by the transition to the new co-brand credit card program.
I'm pleased to report that despite the transition, our higher tier penetration held steady at 38% in the first quarter. This was up about 2 points year-over-year due in part to double-digit percentage growth in our $110 membership. Our dedication to growing membership in both size and quality resulted in several milestones last year, including a record renewal rate of 90%.
This is the ultimate measure of member loyalty, and we expect to maintain this strength this year as members continue to seek value in their shopping. All of these efforts have translated to approximately 6% year-over-year membership fee income growth in the first quarter.
Ensuring the best shopping experience for our members is crucial to how we strengthen membership loyalty. There are various elements to delivering a great shopping experience, and we believe that we differentiate ourselves by consistently showcasing unbeatable value to our members. Value is paramount in our business, and we are always striving to offer the best assortment to our members at the best prices.
Last year, in a period of high inflation, we remain dedicated to this goal, making strategic investments to improve our pricing position by 130 basis points across our competitive set. We kept the investments coming in the first quarter of this year, particularly in our key value items, such as our own Wellsley Farms water, which we offer at about a 28% savings versus grocery and mass competitors.
As this water example suggests we are earning our members' trust through the quality and reliability of our own brands, Wellsley Farms and Berkley Jensen, which we offer at significant savings. We are pleased to be able to offer more affordable high-quality alternatives for our members, especially in this current time when inflation while moderating remains elevated.
In fact, our own brand sales growth in our sundries and grocery divisions more than doubled that of the overall market during the quarter, contributing about 1 point of growth in the first quarter owned brand penetration year-over-year. We are well on our way to our goal of 30% penetration. Members who engage in our own brands spend more, visit us more often and are therefore better members.
Our third strategic priority is driving convenience through digital. Through our app and website, we have improved upon the ways in which members engage with us over the years and members' preferences for these platforms continue to grow. During our March Investor Day, we mentioned that our digitally enabled members spend nearly 70% more on average than club only members and are more loyal members, as indicated by higher renewal rates.
Our digitally enabled comp sales grew 19% in the first quarter to approximately 10% of our net merchandise sales. This growth was led by the convenience of BOPIC and curbside as well as the growing adoption of same-day delivery. The club business is structurally advantaged to win with digital, and we will lean into convenience initiatives that we believe will deliver outsized value to our members.
Finally, we have dramatically accelerated our real estate plans and remain focused on sustaining this trajectory going forward. Our new club openings since fiscal 2016 have outperformed openings in prior years. For example, these new clubs on average have delivered double-digit percentage point increases in renewal rates and higher tier penetration in their first year.
This year, we continue to expect to open around 11 new clubs. As you know, we opened 2 new clubs in the first quarter and expect to make our entry into our 19th state next month in the Nashville market. Our commitment to bringing unbeatable value to our members remains a powerful advantage in times like these. As a result, we believe we are well positioned to continue growing our top line and gain market share, anchored by strength in our grocery businesses.
Our newly launched credit card bolsters our already strong value power. As part of our merchandising transformation new general merchandise assortments will begin to arrive at our clubs in the back half of this year. Ultimately, we will be there for our members, reliably delivering the products and services that they want and need at a great value in order to deepen loyalty, reinforce our brand and drive long-term growth.
Before I wrap, I'd like to acknowledge and thank our team members for their dedication to serving our members and caring for the communities in which we operate. To our team members who are listening in today, thank you for your hard work. Your efforts continue to make a significant impact on the success of our company. I will now turn it over to Laura to provide more details on our results and outlook for the rest of the year.

Laura L. Felice

Thank you, Bob. Before I begin, I'd like to reiterate Bob's gratitude for our team members across our clubs, club support center and distribution centers. Thanks to their hard work and commitment at BJ's, we have maintained strong momentum in our first quarter results.
Net sales for the first quarter were $4.6 billion, a 5% increase over the prior year. Our first quarter total comparable club sales increased 2% year-over-year. Stronger merchandise sales offset the decline in gas sales dollars. Despite growth in gas volumes over last year, average retail price per gallon fell in the low-teen range.
Merchandise comp sales, which exclude gas sales increased by 5.7% and more than half of this was driven by traffic. Our 2-year comp stack was 9.8% and exhibiting slight growth on a sequential basis. The impact of inflation on our sales moderated through the quarter. As Bob mentioned earlier, our first quarter comp in our grocery, perishables and sundries division grew by approximately 8% in the first quarter as our members continue to rely on BJ's to restock on household essentials.
On a 2-year stack, this division grew about 15% and accelerated from the fourth quarter, which grew just under 14% on a 2-year stack. We gained market share year-over-year during the quarter, and our overall share remains well above pre-COVID levels. Our general merchandise and services comp decreased by 8% for the first quarter and was also down about 18% on a 2-year stack. In general merchandise, the broader industry faced a slower and wetter start to the spring season amid an increasingly discerning consumer environment.
That being said, we drove pockets of strength in areas such as apparel, where a cleaner and more relevant assortment was well received by our members, resulting in a 5% comp in the quarter. Our digital offerings have made our members' shopping experience more convenient than ever. Digitally enabled comp sales in the first quarter grew 19% year-over-year and approximately 90% of our digitally enabled sales were fulfilled by our clubs in the first quarter with services like BOPIC and same-day delivery. We remain committed to improving convenience by increasing our level of digital engagement with our members over time.
In our gas business, our comp gallons grew slightly year-over-year in the first quarter. This was in line with our expectations as we continue to sustain and build upon our significant share gains from the past 2 years. Our gas profits, while lower year-over-year, marginally outperformed our internal plans, driven by slightly better than normal gas margins in the quarter.
Membership fee income, or MFI, grew approximately 6% to $102.5 million in the first quarter, and continues to underscore the progress we have made improving our business. We are pleased with our membership trends, a top the records we achieved last year, including higher tier penetration, easy renewal and first year and tenured renewal rates. I also share Bob's enthusiasm for the attractive value proposition that our newly launched co-branded credit card program brings to our members and the growth opportunities that lie ahead.
Moving on to gross margins. Excluding the gasoline business, our merchandise gross margin rate improved by 100 basis points year-over-year, primarily due to a much anticipated and welcome relief in supply chain costs that challenged our business last year. As Bob mentioned earlier, we also lapped the timing of price investments we made to combat accelerating inflation, which negatively impacted our margins last year.
SG&A expenses for the quarter were $689.3 million. The year-over-year increase was primarily attributable to our new unit expansion and other continued investments to drive our strategic priorities. On unit expansion, I'd offer these 2 reminders. First, new clubs will continue to have a levering effect as they ramp and mature. And second, our growth profile this year is weighted to own clubs, elevating our depreciation expense. We continue to expect our SG&A to delever slightly through the rest of the year.
Our first quarter adjusted EBITDA grew by approximately 16% to a record first quarter of $257 million, largely reflecting our sales and merchandise gross margin growth. Finally, our adjusted EPS was $0.85, down approximately 2% year-over-year despite our strong operating performance. This was largely due to a $21.6 million unexpected tax expense, approximately half of which should have been applied in prior periods in immaterial amounts.
This elevated our effective tax rate in the first quarter to 32.6% compared to 21.1% in the prior year quarter. Turning to our capital structure. We ended the first quarter with $848 million of debt and 0.8 turns of net leverage, which is consistent with the fourth quarter of last year. We work to fortify our balance sheet over the past 5 years and expect to maintain this strength in the future.
As we allocate our capital going forward, we will continue to be flexible in our approach, but our priority remains growing our business. Investments to support membership Digital and our real estate growth plans will be funded by our cash flows and enabled by our strong balance sheet. We continue to return excess cash to shareholders through share repurchases. In the first quarter, we bought back over 200,000 shares at approximately $15 million and have over $300 million remaining under our current authorization.
Let me now touch on our current outlook for the year. The last time we spoke, I noted the uncertainty of the macro backdrop and its impact on the broader consumer demand. As we sit here today, we see a consumer that is continuing to visit and spend in our stores. On the margin, while they are spending more with us, they are also being more choosy with their dollars and allocating those dollars in favor of necessities. That said, I have also previously expressed our confidence in our advantaged business model, execution of strategic priorities and commitment to delivering value, which should all contribute to continued growth in our core business.
These sentiments still ring true today. As such, we continue to expect our fiscal 2023 comparable club sales, excluding gas, to grow in the 4% to 5% range towards the lower end with strength in our food business, offsetting a more conservative view around general merchandise performance. We continue to expect inflation to moderate through the rest of the year. We are also confident in the ongoing transformation of our merchandising. We currently see the second quarter merchandise comps in the low single-digit range, and we expect comps in the back half of the year to be slightly stronger than the second quarter.
Moving down the P&L. Our outlook on MFI and margin for the remainder of the year are unchanged. We expect that our Q1 year-over-year MFI growth rate will be the highest in the year. On merchandise gross margins, we believe our rate of improvement will moderate meaningfully as we progress through the year.
In our gas business, we continue to expect slight growth in comp gallons for the full year. As for profitability, we continue to believe that we will settle to more normalized and structurally more profitable gas margins as compared to prior years. Our assumptions have clearly materialized in the first quarter, but with profit per gallon to date running a touch better than what we had contemplated as normal at the start of the year. As a result, we are becoming more optimistic about fiscal 2023's profitability running slightly higher than we originally expected.
That being said, we will still face our toughest comparisons in gas prices, volumes and margin across the second and third quarters of this year. A quick note on our tax rate. While first quarter taxes were higher than we anticipated at the start of the year, we expect our tax rate to return to more normal levels in the 27% range for the remainder of the year. All in, we continue to expect our in-club sales growth and merchandise gross margin improvements to offset normalizing gas profitability, and we maintain our view that fiscal 2023 EPS will be approximately flat year-over-year with EPS in the second quarter expected to be slightly higher than Q1.
Before turning it back to Bob, I'd like to reiterate our confidence in the strength of our business and the transformation we have made in our company. We believe we are well positioned to deliver sustainable growth longer term. With that, I will turn it back over to Bob for final remarks.

Robert W. Eddy

Thanks, Laura. We're very proud of our team for the great quarterly results in the first quarter. Our members continue to reward us for the structural improvements in our membership, our merchandising, our digital capabilities and even how we expand our footprint. These are further amplified by the advantages inherent in our warehouse club model and our differentiated approach to the channel itself.
Moreover, we have an incredibly talented leadership team that, together with our passionate team members across our clubs, distribution centers and Club Support Center is executing on our strategic priorities. I firmly believe that these powerful elements combined will allow us to continue to profitably grow this business, maximize sustainable long-term shareholder value and build an even stronger future for our company.
With that, I will now turn it back over to the operator to take your questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of Kate McShane from Goldman Sachs.

Katharine Amanda McShane

I just wondered if you could talk a little bit about the cadence of both MFI and gross margins. I think you mentioned in the prepared comments that you expected Q1 to be the strongest with regards to MFI.
So we wondered why that was the case and what you faced for the rest of the year in terms of compares. And then with gross margin kind of the same question, I think you said that it's expected to moderate how should we think about that for the rest of the year?

Robert W. Eddy

Good morning, Kate. Thanks for the question. Laura is going to fill in the gaps here, but let me take them one at a time. We had a pretty good quarter from a membership fee income perspective. We continue to grow the size and the quality of our membership with about a 6% MFI growth and about 5% of that coming from bodies.
As we continue to grow the company and look for ways to innovate, we've been offering different types of membership offers.
And some of those have different accounting treatments. So some of -- we're lapping some of those things this year that we tried last year, we'll try some new stuff this year. And so that informs sort of the pacing of MFI growth as we go through this year. We aren't anticipating slowing down our membership growth, it really is sort of just how the numbers work out.
And from a margin perspective, we had an outstanding quarter in the first quarter.
Our merchants did a great job managing through the economic circumstances and lapping what happened last year and taking advantage of the tailwinds this year is the cost of distribution declined with diesel cost and ocean freight and a few other odds and ends.
I would say, as we get through the rest of the year, those tailwinds just lessen. And so we do expect this to be our highest quarter of the year from a gross margin perspective. Not knowing what's coming in any of the inputs to gross margin. But certainly, as we sit here today, it feels like Q1 should be the highest for us.

Laura L. Felice

Yes. I think, Kate, the only thing I would add, Bob covered off MFI well, the only thing I would add on gross margins is Q1 was about 100 bps of growth. I would expect it will trail off meaningfully as we head into Q2 and kind of trail over the course of the year. So the growth rate will certainly moderate quarter by quarter. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question of Edward from Wells Fargo.

Edward Joseph Kelly

I wanted to ask you about the comp guidance and the cadence of the comp guidance. Laura, I think you said back half slightly stronger than Q2. We will see, I think, inflation decelerate pretty meaningfully. So I'm hoping that you could give us a little bit more color around that cadence, what your inflation expectation is in that? How we should be thinking about the gen merch comp? And then as part of that, maybe you could help us with how you're running so far in Q2.

Laura L. Felice

Yes. Thanks, Ed. So for the remainder of the year, I think comp will moderate but it will be relatively balanced. You have it right that we think the inflation levels will decelerate across the remainder of the year. I would remind you for Investor Day, we talked about our general merchandise business. We've talked about that for quite some time. And the transformation we have underway there. So we think that piece of the business, specifically in the back half of the year as we get towards holidays will comp better than GM did in the first quarter.

Robert W. Eddy

Yes. Maybe, Ed, I'll talk for a minute, too. I think Q1 is a bit of a microcosm of some of the things we'll see the rest of the year, too, right? We've certainly seen some deflation or disinflation or whatever you like to call it. Our inflation in Q4 was double digits. It was meaningfully lower than that in the first quarter. And I expect that will continue. I don't know that we've changed our sort of global inflation input for the year, but I do think it's receding a little faster than we had in our model. And I think Laura is on the right point. We had, as we noted, a bright spot in general merchandise in Q1 was apparel.
That is a business for us that our new merchant team has had great influence on for the back half. And I would say, moderate influence for Q1. And we saw a nice positive comp in that, that refreshed assortments. So I'm looking at that as green shoots on what they can and will do later in the year. And I've certainly seen some of the new assortments and I'm excited to see how our members react to it.
So as we sit here in Q2, I don't want to talk too much about it, but Q1 suffered from some deflation, it suffered from certainly not breaking any new ground talking about weather. As you've heard it from everybody else, that was certainly a thing. And as we sit here in Boston today, it's still not very warm. So that informs our view that the General Merchandise business will not be robust in the second quarter and it forms that low single-digit Q2 comp.
But we do believe the business will come back. And our consumer is holding in there very nicely. So we'll get through the next few weeks here and talk to you at the end of Q2 and tell you more about the back half.

Edward Joseph Kelly

Great. Just a quick follow-up. So you have a pretty sizable tax headwind in Q1 that was unanticipated. You maintained a full year, but now you sound, I think maybe you're a bit more optimistic around that. Is that really just around the operational aspects of Q2 coming in above plan?

Robert W. Eddy

No. I mean, it doesn't really have much to do with Q2, Ed. I think we're optimistic on the business overall in the long term. There are certainly some macro headwinds out there -- for the full year, as we've talked about with inflation and the consumer health and the economy and the debt ceiling and everything everybody is worried about.
Q2 has some odd things to lap, right? We're going to lap the highest gas prices of the year in the next couple of weeks. And gas is an important part of our offering and our value to our membership and I'm sure $5 gas drove some trips that we'll lap.
And so we sit here looking at the trends in Q1 were pretty good. We thought it was a great operational quarter despite the tax item that you pointed out. And we -- we're bullish on the long term of this business, and we'll kind of work on the year, 1 quarter at a time. Thank you.

Operator

Our next question comes from Chuck Grom from Gordon Haskett.

Charles P. Grom

Just a question on the second quarter guidance. Bob, I think you're saying a little bit higher than the first quarter of $0.85. Is that on an absolute basis? Or is that on a year-over-year basis? And then as a follow-up to that, can you help us think about the margin component and the building blocks to get to that number in the second quarter?

Robert W. Eddy

Yes, sure. Why don't I let Laura handle that since its guidance related.

Laura L. Felice

Yes. So the slightly better than Q1 is on an absolute basis, Chuck. From a margin perspective, I talked a little bit about it already. We think the inflation levels will moderate as we head into the quarter and travel through the quarter, month by month. I think we talked about there were a lot of underlying things that we lapped in Q1, diesel cost, markdowns, high inventory levels from last year. So we expect -- and as we think about those heading into Q2 that we -- those won't be as meaningful from a base perspective.
As we look at our inventory levels and where we sit today, I would tell you, as we head into Q2, we feel comfortable with where we are, specifically from a gen merch perspective, but we will continue to watch it very closely through the quarter.

Charles P. Grom

Okay. And just as a follow-up. I think -- I'm not sure if you touched on this, but can you talk about the cadence of the comp in the quarter? And I guess, May month to date, are you guys running in that low-single-digit range over the past few weeks?

Robert W. Eddy

Certainly, again, I'm not going to break any new ground here either, February is the strongest month for us. And nearly 2 months were lower. And I don't want to get too much into Q2 because we're sort of just into it now. But certainly, I think you can read into it that the lower-single-digit is certainly lower than where we were in Q1. But again, we're very bullish on the long term. We feel like there's some Q2 dynamics we need to get through and then the back half should be better.

Operator

Our next question comes from Simeon Gutman from Morgan Stanley.

Simeon Ari Gutman

Follow-up in this one part, and then I'll yield. The first question is, can you -- did you have any markets in which weather wasn't problematic. Can you talk about the general merchandise trends there? And then the second part is gallon growth and the fact that you're taking market share, are you approaching cents per gallon any different in terms of managing your competitive spread versus other gasoline operators?

Robert W. Eddy

There wasn't a tremendous difference in the overall geography of general merchandise sales, but if you do look at sort of weather-sensitive categories like patio sets might be a good example, the Southeast did perform better than the Northeast. So there certainly is a weather component embedded in there. However, I would tell you the biggest thing that we're seeing is members being much more reticent about almost anything big ticket. So if you look at patio sets the structure, if you look at television and sort of high-dollar electronics, it's a very picky consumer out there at this point from a high ticket perspective. So weather plus the economy plays into it.
The gas business has been a tremendous source of profitability for us over the past couple of years, for sure. But frankly, as we talked about in our Investor Day, we don't run that business for profit. We run it for price image and for lifetime value.
And -- it has certainly been something our team has done a great job at not only figuring out how to be a little bit more structurally profitable in that business, but to show fantastic value every day and provide great service to our members, which is driving those market share gains you referenced.
We haven't talked at all about the co-brand card so far in the Q&A session. But certainly, the gas business is a huge piece of that for us as well, right? It's one of the bigger pieces of the benefits that you get from being a cardholder with as much as a $0.15 difference. And effectively, we get a member of the entire gas business when they become a cardholder. So we'll continue to price our gasoline more sharply and try and continue to gain those trips on that market share.
And we'll also try and build on the discounts that we give through our co-brand program and then our higher tier program altogether. As you know, we added a $0.05 discount for our rewards members as well. So really been a great business for us in the long term. And certainly, it's something that's resonating well with our members.

Operator

Our next question comes from Robby Ohmes from Bank of America.

Robert Frederick Ohmes

Yes, 2 quick questions. I think, Bob, can you just talk about the competitive environment? And I'd be curious about the Sam's Club membership discounting, maybe remind us what the overlap is and what kind of impact do you expect from their membership discounting? And if there are other upticks in promotions and grocery competitively or anything like that going on that you can highlight for us?

Robert W. Eddy

Sure. It's a good question. Certainly, the competitive environment is fierce. It always has been. We have the joy of competing against the best retailers in the world. And -- so we see what they do. We try and emulate the great stuff that they do. And certainly, our warehouse club competitors have some good stuff to emulate. Sam's has been more and more aggressive from a membership perspective. And their results are to be admired.
And Certainly, we've tried to take some lessons from what they're doing and try to tick up our own great ideas as well and have our own great results to point out. I think what you'll continue to see is everybody trying to innovate to get their businesses to be better. That's what our jobs are. And that's what we're trying to do here at BJ's is find the right offer to attract the right member and then the right engagement strategies to retain those members.
And I would argue our last few years of performance, I would say we're doing a pretty good job of that. In Q1, certainly, getting away from membership and getting into sales. Q1, I would tell you was a little bit more promotional and I would expect Q2 to be as well, than the past few quarters.
And I think that's just to be expected when everybody is calling for sales and market share, whether it's in the general merchandise business for sure, is more promotional. But certainly, everybody is trying to show value to their consumers. We try and do that every day as a core function of what we do. And I would argue we're a little bit more promotional and our competitors are, too.

Robert Frederick Ohmes

That's helpful. And just a quick follow-up. At the beginning of the call, I think you guys mentioned that you're gaining with, I think, all cohorts. But is there any -- anything you can highlight or call out on, is there -- are you seeing more strength with your better income? Or are you seeing the low income reline for you more? Any kind of color you can give?

Robert W. Eddy

Look, we've grown trips for member and sales for -- with each of our cohorts that we track and disclose to you all. So I thought Q1 was a very good quarter from that perspective. it's clear that there's pressure out there. And as you would expect, those folks in the lower economic strata are feeling more pressure than those at the high end. With that said, we offer them tremendous value. And so their business has hung in there nicely with us. So again, their trips sales grew as did the folks at the higher end. And I think that's just the psyche of the consumer at the higher end right? Everybody wants to save money.
Everybody feels like it's a bumpy economy out there. And we're a great place to find value in all of your everyday needs and essentials as well as some great general merchandise as well. So I would expect as we get through the rest of the year, you'll see that same type of a thing where as the economy gets tougher, we become a greater place to go.

Operator

Our next question is from Peter Benedict from Baird.

Peter Sloan Benedict

Just wanted to follow up on just pricing particularly on the grocery side, you talked about inflation moderating, maybe a little faster than you thought. It sounds like the full year is still how you see it or how you were seeing it.
Just curious like what you're seeing from competitors in terms of pricing on grocery. Are you getting to a point where you're seeing any deflation? And if you do get to that point, just curious what the playbook is, Bob, kind of how you think about managing the business in the event that we're in a deflationary environment, not just disinflation?

Robert W. Eddy

Yes. Pete, thanks for the question. It's a really good one. We've certainly seen disinflation across the business. And in certain commodities, we've seen deflation. I mean, eggs and chicken and some dairy stuff that come to mind. And I think our playbook honestly, is to always offer the right value to our members. That is what is paramount.
That's why they buy membership. That's why they come to see us. And so as pricing gets more and more important, we'll continue to play offense on that. We told you in March, we made huge investments last year to improve our pricing. Those investments have continued here in the first quarter. And that -- I don't think that will stop, right? We want to make sure we are priced right every day on the commodities that matter most to our members.
Certainly, that might put some pressure on margin, obviously, investments cost money. The good thing I would tell you is we have that CPI muscle that you know about from years ago that we've sort of embedded into our merchandising culture, where we know how to buy much better today than we did 7 or 8 years ago, and we have a process by which we can do that. So I think it will continue to be a thing we spend a lot of time on, meaning pricing and value, but our team is pretty good at managing margin, too.

Peter Sloan Benedict

Yes, that's helpful. Then just to follow up on the second half view with general merchandise or opportunities around general merchandise. You mentioned apparel kind of an early proof point here. I think toys was called out at the Investor Day. Just remind us the other categories that you see particular opportunity in to kind of improve that general merch -- or support the general merchandise business later this year.

Robert W. Eddy

Yes. Look, I mean, you know the story, we're trying to really reinvent the general merchandising business over time. And the team has sort of been in place for about a year at this point, which now you're starting to see the fruits of their labor in apparel and some other stuff here over the summer and more -- even more into the back half.
A lot of these categories are very long lead times to buy. So you're buying next year's patio sets, I don't know, about a month ago, actually, probably, -- and so the team has done a great job in picking and choosing the things that they need to work on first. That's why we talked to you about toys. It's certainly a category that we have underperformed in for years.
And I would tell you, it's assortment related, right? We had a very transactional focus with our suppliers. We didn't have a great relationship with many of our suppliers in that category. We had 0 relationship with some of the most key players in that assortment. So first and foremost, the team has been out building relationships and understanding what we need to put on the shelves and making sure that we can get access to those things.
We have great businesses that we've been successful in for a long time like televisions and electronics that we have good relationships with. We have the right assortment and they're off trying to figure out what we might do from an assortment promotion standpoint, pricing standpoint in the back half to really make those businesses stronger, too. So I like what they've done so far. It hasn't yet see the members, the members haven't seen it yet. So I kind of reserve judgment.
I'm very optimistic on what they can do over the long term. I say that recognizing that we still face a choppy economy for the rest of the year, too. So I can't imagine in spite of anything brilliant that they might do from a television business perspective, I'm not sure that business is going to be great given the large ticket that comes along with it.
But I am optimistic for toys and apparel and some of the other key businesses that they've already kind of put their stamp on. So we'll see how it goes in the next few weeks and months and quarters, and we'll continue to iterate and get better.

Operator

The next question is from Mike Baker from D.A. Davidson. Just reconnecting him.

Michael Allen Baker

I wanted to bring Bill Werner into the conversation and ask about a couple of quarters ago, you guys talked about your BJ's market concept with the customer so focused on needs versus wants, that becomes maybe more interesting. Can you just update us on that concept, what you've seen in that initial test and how we should think about that maybe going forward?

William C. Werner

We've made great progress with BJ's market. We talked about it as pilot as a way to see just another innovative approach of how to bring the club closer to the members. And we've seen good results so far. And I think as we talked about in the Analyst Day, we're continuing to look at ways of how to expand on what we're learning on that club. So as we think about the overall portfolio of how we get more convenient, right? It's the broad picture of different formats continuing to lean into our omni capabilities that had such great growth during the quarter through BOPIC and same-day delivery.
And then also the new club growth in total. So the 2 clubs that we opened up in the first quarter in Davenport and McDonough to a great start. The membership there is substantially higher than our initial projection. So we're really happy that we've seen the continued momentum in the early clubs of this year that we've seen over the past couple of years. So as we think about the new club vertical in general and how we expand the footprint. We remain really bullish and we're -- all eyes are focused on our first club in the state of Tennessee in Luverne, which is just outside Nashville here in the second quarter.

Michael Allen Baker

Got it. All right. So since I asked one longer-term question, let me ask a short-term question, if I could. It wasn't mentioned on the call, but do you think tax -- lower tax refunds impacted you guys at all with all your data any way to tell which of your customers may have been impacted by that and how much of a headwind that may or may not have been in the first quarter.

Robert W. Eddy

Mike, Look, we don't have tremendous data on this. We never had a great model to measure it. It does feel like there was an impact, particularly in those big ticket businesses, where you might use a tax refund check to buy a patio set or a mattress or something. But I'd be lying if I tell you we had a wonderful model to predict that.

Operator

Our next question comes from Mark Carden from UBS.

Mark David Carden

So a number of your mass merchant and general merchandise competitors have been calling out increasing pressures from shrink. Have you seen much of an uptick on this front? Or does your model just insulate you a bit better from some of these headwinds?

Robert W. Eddy

Mark, it's a great question. I do think you're -- let me start by saying organized retail crime is definitely a thing, and we see it in our business, as I talked to my counterparts across the retail industry, they are definitely seeing it in their businesses. Your point on our format is a relevant one. And we -- although we see it and it is material. We benefit from the fact that our -- we have a membership business, you need a card to get in. Our stuff is largely in bigger pack sizes. So it's harder to fill for. And our team has done really wonderful work sort of keeping track all of our inventory, keeping our shrink as low as possible and most importantly, keeping our members and our team members safe every day. I think you'll continue to hear it across the industry.
And one of the reasons -- one of the other reasons why ours might be lower than some is although shrink is a problem in many, if not most markets, it is a much more pointed problem in certain places, particularly on the West Coast, or places like Chicago or Albuquerque that have blue state or local blue governments that don't really feel like prosecuting crime.
My view is the government's first obligation is to provide a safe environment for people to do their daily business. And in some places, that's not happening. But politics aside, I think you'll continue to see this be a problem that the retail industry as a whole needs to work on. We spend a ton of time with our partners in the industry, trying to mitigate our own losses and help our competitors mitigate their losses. And it's an unfortunate part of the society that we live in today. But long story short. It's a less material problem for us than it might be for some of our competitors.

Mark David Carden

Makes sense. And then you're seeing some pretty strong momentum in your new markets. What are you seeing on the membership acquisition front in your legacy markets. And has there been any shifts in trajectory there?

Robert W. Eddy

Really, we've had great membership results for a while now in both new and existing markets. Our team been pretty successful in acquiring new members regardless of newer existing markets.
We've made a tremendous shift towards digital acquisition over the years that's been very successful as we've talked about, we've iterated on the different types of offers that we use out in the market. And we're pretty pleased with the team and the results that they've been able to provide. And a lot of it is us running a better business. A lot of it is putting better things in front of our members, having great offerings like our co-brand credit card that we transitioned to Capital One this quarter.
It's all about value, it's all about service and convenience. And we're doing a much better job on each one of those axes to show to our members and prospective members that we are a place to go.
I think that was our last question. I want to thank everybody for your attention and for your support of our company. And we will get in touch with you over the summer and tell you how we did in Q2. Thank you very much.

Operator

This concludes today's call. You may now disconnect your lines.